Back & Spine
Sciatica is a common condition characterised by pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down through the buttocks and into the legs. The pain typically follows the path of the sciatic nerve and can vary in intensity from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain. Sciatica is not a medical diagnosis in itself but rather a symptom of an underlying problem such as a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or piriformis entrapment.
Disc problems refer to various conditions affecting the intervertebral discs, which are soft, gel-like cushions located between the vertebrae of the spine. These discs serve as shock absorbers, allowing for flexibility and movement of the spine while also providing stability and support. Disc problems can range from minor irritations to serious conditions that cause significant pain and disability.
Common disc problems include:
Disc degeneration: Degenerative disc disease occurs when the intervertebral discs gradually break down over time due to aging, wear and tear, or injury. This can lead to decreased disc height, loss of disc hydration, and changes in disc structure, resulting in stiffness, decreased flexibility, and increased risk of disc herniation.
Disc herniation: Disc herniation, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the inner gel-like substance (nucleus pulposus) of the disc protrudes through a tear or weakness in the outer layer (annulus fibrosus) and compresses nearby spinal nerves. This can cause localized back pain, as well as radiating pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs, depending on the location of the herniated disc.
Disc bulge: A disc bulge occurs when the outer layer of the disc protrudes beyond its normal boundaries without a significant rupture or tear. While disc bulges may not always cause symptoms, they can sometimes compress nearby spinal nerves or spinal cord, leading to pain, tingling, or weakness in the affected area.
Disc protrusion: A disc protrusion is similar to a disc bulge but involves a more significant displacement of the disc material beyond its normal boundaries. This can result in compression of nearby spinal structures and symptoms similar to those of disc herniation.
Facet joint irritation, also known as facet joint syndrome or facet joint arthritis, is a condition characterised by inflammation, stiffness, and pain in the facet joints of the spine. Facet joints are small, paired joints located on the back of the spine that help stabilize the vertebrae and facilitate movement. When these joints become irritated or inflamed, it can lead to localized back pain and discomfort, as well as referred pain in nearby areas.